Marketing plan for a new self service laundry In Dubai, UAE Essay

Marketing plan for a new self service laundry In Dubai, UAE - Essay Example This will ensure that there is low formality and that authority is centralized. There are other organization designs that can be employed to adequately help the company achieve its objectives. One of such organizational designs is the team design where the company is made of different teams who work separately but towards attaining a common goal. It is easier to achieve the company’s objectives as a team rather than as individuals since different people have different skills and expertise. The company will be competing in a laundry service industry and will therefore be providing laundry services to the people of Dubai. The company competes directly with other laundry service companies such as Champion Cleaners. Champion Cleaners has more than forty outlets in United Arabs Emirates including Dubai. The company offers laundry services to approximately fifty percent of the laundry service customers in Dubai. In the year 2013, the company recorded sales of approximately 1.3 million garments per year. Our company is yet to begin its operations in Dubai hence it has no share of market. The company wishes to earn at least a twenty percent share of the Dubai market within the three years of its operations. The company will be competing directly with the pick-up and door to door delivery services offered by the Champion Cleaners which has seen the company grow at a high rate and even expand its operations outside United Arabs Emirates. Since our company will be beginning its operations in Dubai, we will be competing locally with the Champion Cleaners. The Champion cleaners however compete locally, nationally and even regionally with other laundry service companies. Nevertheless, the growth of the laundry service industry in Dubai can be estimated to around six percent in the last five years with very few players coming into the industry. The demand for the laundry services in Dubai is constant throughout the year. The state of both

Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Resources Management - Essay Example In this case, there are many legal, ethical and HR issues to address; issues of legal liability, bribery and workplace bullying. This case highlights the recent exposure of sexual assault allegations against sports professionals and the actions taken by club presidents, members, the media and the police in regards to dealing with the issue appropriately. The legal issues raised by this particular case include duty of care, bribery, and preventing the course of justice. If the Carringbush Cheetahs Football Club give the woman $20,000 as â€Å"hush money† (Stone 2010 pp539) they would be commenting illegal bribery. Also, by ‘paying her off’ they are preventing the course of justice. The club have a duty of care not only to their players but to the alleged victim and the public. They are committing a crime by covering up the incident. In Australia, there have been similar cases involving the use of â€Å"club members’ money paying for court trials, settlement s and even private detectives to follow and build up a file against alleged rape victims† (Krien 2011). ... ng similarities to St Kilda coach Ross Lyon when he tried to distance the club from a police investigation into allegations of a rape cover-up in 2011 (McMahon & Hunt 2010). As well as these legal and ethical issues, from the HR perspective, workplace bullying is present with Troy Sanders pressured into agreeing to bury the accusations and bribing the woman. The Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995 (1(a)(b)) defines ‘workplace harassment’ as when a person is subjected to repeated behaviour by a person, employer, co-worker or group of co-workers that a reasonable person would consider to be intimidating (Jones 2009 pp14). Troy can seek remedy for workplace harassment under common law for breach of duty of care or under Occupational Health and safety legislation. However, it is unlikely he would choose this action as in sport societies there is a strong â€Å"family† subculture (Krien 2011). An incident like this would be seen as â€Å"testing loyalty† and Tr oy’s allegiance would be rewarded (Krien 2011). It has been suggested that sporting clubs, such as the Carringbush Cheetahs, adopt more â€Å"vigorous education programs† and HR strategies to teach the players acceptable social behaviour as well as to protect them from â€Å"predatory behaviour† (Silvester 2010). Since players are seen as role models in the eyes of the public, they then have the responsibility to behave appropriately, as does the club. It is unfortunate this is not always the case. Response to the Case Study Answer: I agree with most points raised by the answer to the case study above. The analysis rightly points out that the case in question is typical of many sexual transgressions that male sports professionals are making a habit of. It also correctly identifies the numerous facets to the case,

Virus hunters Essay Example for Free

Virus hunters Essay Question 1: 1. Keeping professionals excited about work that is routine and standardized and chaotic is a major challenge for Vincent Weafer. How could he use technical, human, and conceptual skills to maintain an environment that encourages innovation and professionalism among the virus hunters? Answer: 1. Vincent Weafer’s involves following techniques that encourage innovation and professionalism among the virus hunters: Firstly, he divided work into smaller and specialized groups to increase the coefficient of efficiency. Secondly, to attain professionalism he focuses on efficiency by using technical skills that help the virus hunters recognize any virus with less time. He involves very smart and creative business model, which allows to keep working on the project without stopping. As the work keeps on moving and never stopped. When Santa Monica’s team finished, Tokyo’s coworkers took over, when Japanese team finishes this handed over to Dublin and then again back to Santa Monica. Question 2 2. What management roles is Weafer playing as he: (a) has weekly security briefing conference calls with co-workers around the globe, (b) assessed the feasibility of adding a new network security consulting service, and (c) keeps employees focused on the company’s commitments to customers? Answer: Vincent plays following roles: a) Vincent plays a role of an organizer in calling up weekly briefings with co-workers. These conference sessions help to set strong and trusting relationships with employees which might and will built a stable and safe-work environment where everyone could does his or her best to accomplish team target. b) He plays a role of decision maker and (or) planner by assessing the feasibility of installing a new network security consulting service. Vincent make a decision based one the study that has been done and here he is acting as a planner. He then also divides the work into groups and gives them tasks according to their specialization. c) Here Vincent plays a role of leader as he motivated his employees to focus on company’s liabilities to provide better security to the costumers. Question 4 What could other managers learn from Vincent Weafer and Symantecs approach? Answer : 1) competitive advantage through efficiency. 2) Recognize problem areas and implement 3) †¨Customer focus.

The Structure Of British Airways Management Essay

The Structure Of British Airways Management Essay British Airways is the largest international airline in the United Kingdom and is assigned in the operation of international and domestic carriage of cargo and mail, and the auxiliary services The British Airways Group comprises of British Airways, British Airways Holidays Limited, BA Connect Limited, Deutsche BA, and British Asia Airways, amongst others. Since privatization in 1987, British Airways have persisted to develop as competition in the market becoming the worlds first airline to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to let passengers to print online boarding passes. Structure of British Airways: As explained British airways flat structure encourages the company to have a corporate culture which can be described by applying the McKinsey 7S s model which includes Staff, Skills, Style, Shared Values, Systems and Structure and strategy. Before the privatization, British Airways had a more formalized bureaucratic structure with rules and procedures, as a result of its size and its activities. But a main change in the last years has been the decrease of its management levels and it now has a formal structure with responsibilities across different functions. Therefore the structure of British Airways is flat type because it has only one level of hierarchy that separates managing directors at the top of bottom-line employees. The organization has segregated management-level positions into ten departments and each department has own subordinates. British airways structure is shown in figure 2 in which its departments include Planning, Investment Alliances, Commerce, Ground Operation, Engineering, Flight Operation, IT, Finance, Law, and Human Resource. (British Airways, 2010) Figure 2: British airways organization structure, (British airways 2010) Description: Management structure diagram Sources: www.britishairways.com However market influences created a leaner, structure at the top of the management. As illustrated in figure 1, British Airways have a flat hierarchical structure that needs them to cooperate within all the levels of as strategic where the board of directors take a decision on the long term objective the information which flows to the managers in the tactical who furnishes the information to the operational level and the operational level (front office staff, flight stewards etc.) drives the data into meaningful messages to be operated conveniently and efficiently. Culture of British Airways: Mission Statement:                   To be the most exclusive and first choice airline for all airline travelers We recommend a new mission statement after a consultation process involving our group members. The mission statement can replace an existing statement, which had been drawn up in 1997 in the run-up to privatization, and many employees have received training in its meaning for their particular jobs. Their mission statement clearly shows that in every persons mind the first thing to come from traveling by air should be British Airways. Whatever it is called, a vision, mission or strategic intent, its purpose is to provide a guiding light for the future. Companies without a mission are prone to opportunistic. A unifying mission is especially important in large companies where staff and managers are expected to take decisions themselves, without constant referral back to headquarters or to their seniors. Aims: British Airways is to become the worlds first global airline Objectives: Like all businesses one of their objectives was to maximize profits however after September 11th they had to change their aim of having an increase in   security as this was the main issue globally and they needed to keep their customers safe after the horrific terrorism attacks in the USA. Objective:    To increase security to combat terrorism Specific To increase security for the safety of passengers and staff Measurable Hand luggage of passengers was reduced to a plastic bag, stop and search was also put into place and metal detectors as well as a regular anti-terrorism drills Achievable More security staff will be in place and they have the finances to do so. Realistic This objective is realistic as terrorism is a threat and they also have the finances to do so to ensure that all passengers and staff are fully protected. Objective: To increase profits by the end of the tax year 2009 Culture: The organizational structure of a company reflects its culture, its management style and its leader attitude in addition to the environment in which it has to operate. . British Airways have a more formalized structure with precise rules and procedures, due to its size and the global scope of its activity. A major change in the last years has been the reduction of its management layers, between the chief executive and the front line who interface with customers, from nine to five. It now has a small ad hoc group working in parallel with the formal structure, with responsibilities that cut across different functions, or in any case duplicated these functions. Corporate culture The organizational culture consists of the deep basic assumptions, beliefs, values and norms which are shared by members of an organization, arise from the organizations history and tradition and are modified by contemporary events. Management style and leadership at British Airways As clearly stated above, British airways had been bureaucratically, between functions and hierarchies. It has changed to a style of employees empowerment. This means management gets help from employees outside the formal structure and across functions. British Airways used to have a more autocratic style but at the moment company is delegating responsibility directly to key individuals. The management at all levels mutually responsive to relationships created with customers and stakeholders. In other words company is experiencing democratic leadership style. Interrelationships of functions with processes: The business process is a collection of interrelated activities and tasks that will create a service as well as products for the consumers of business. There are three types of business processes involve in British airways and they are management process, operation process and supporting processes. The management process of British Airways is all about the operation of a system which includes the strategic management and the corporate governance. Strategic planning in management process is very important because it includes business plans, risk assessment, risk management, financial objectives, management responsibility, continuity planning, quality control, IT threat, contingency plan, disaster recovery, and fulfillment. Operations: Another type is the operational process which is the most essential among all the types of the business processes. It generally comprises the core business of British airways which is transporting passengers fast, safely and comfortably. In addition to this, it also generates the primary value stream. Purchasing, sales, manufacturing and marketing functions are usually included in its operational process. These three types of business processes of British airways have their own distinctive attributes which add value to its service delivery process. SUPPORT ACTIVITIES FIRM INFRASTRUCTURE Structured hierarchy permits BA to build a massive amount of specialist knowledge in order to get a competitive advantage over economized firms. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Invested in the expansion of customer service training in 2007 drawing attention of the best employees. Speak Up view survey persuades employees to offer feedback (British Airways, 2008). TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT BA has included value in this group over smaller companies by reason of lack of resources that can be employed to create the service in an innovative way. (e.g. Individual LCD screens). PROCUREMENT As a result of the size and chronological business relationships and alliances, BA is able to influence suppliers and during economies of scale make efficiencies where competitors may fall short. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES: INBOUND LOGISTICS: Stock Control High quality training given by City the Guilds (British Airways, 2008). A continuous relationship with suppliers (e.g. Gate Gourmet. OUTBOUND LOGISTICS: Customer Service Large database of airport slots facilitates passengers to contact the majority of destinations from preferred airport. MARKETING SALES Marketing communications to all stakeholders. Brand consenting to for large budget to be spent in this field. POST SALE SERVICE The loyalty club card is offered. Bringing up to date communication on other services Interrelationship between the processes and functions of British Airways British Airways is one of the worlds largest aviation companies. Its portfolio of aviation transportation in which it is a global leader in air transportation The companys aviation operation and extensive airplanes of growth projects are located in all over the world, South America, Australia, North America and Asia. The purpose of the organization is to set out in a mission statement. To be the leading global aviation company through the operational excellence of world class assets in the most attractive commodities and a resolute commitment to safe and sustainable air transportation. In 2008 there was a downturn in world economic activity. This resulted from a loss of confidence in the world financial system. The downturn has led to a steep fall in aviation travelling prices such as airfares. By late 2009 these prices started to rise again as demand for aviation transportation increased. Sustainability Although Airline companies are affected by changes in economic activity, aviation is a long-term investment business. Firms like British Airways have to take a long term view of the business. This involves creating more routes which is a sustainable way over a long period of time. The company focuses on those routes in which it has a favorable position. It concentrates on various routes where sales of air tickets will be possible for many years into the future. It also looks at aviation projects where costs can be kept to a minimum but where there are opportunities to expand operations. There are several issues of sustainability facing British Airways. Key ones are: Securing energy supplies, such as airplanes and resources including fuels, for the future Managing emissions to minimize harm. British Airways uses large quantities of energy in its operations. It also generates the potential for energy, e.g. by purchasing the very latest planes which are eviromental friendly. A key aim of the company therefore is to do more with less. It must achieve maximum efficiency with minimum waste. British Airways believes that by operating in innovative and socially responsible ways it can do things better than its rivals. Doing things better in business is referred to as competitive advantage. Social responsibilities are those duties to all the stakeholders of a business, not just the shareholders. Embedded within social responsibility is the concept of sustainable development. Sustainable development involves using resources so that: Resources are available to meet the needs of people now Resources can be available to future generations The needs of the natural environment are respected. The success of British Airways is the best value comfort service provides for its passengers. And to build up this solid foundation in the marketplace, British airways utilizes its resources effectively and efficiently. In that manner operations management of British Airways plays an important role in transforming inputs (labor, capital, equipment, land, buildings, materials and information) into outputs (goods and services) that offer superior value to customers.

Emily Jane Brontë :: Biography Biographies Essays

Emily Jane Brontà «      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily Jane Brontà «'s life, though short and tragic, had an overwhelming influence on her work. Marked by violent emotional upheavals, her childhood on the Yorkshire moors provided the folk background prevalent in Wuthering Heights. She was born the fifth of six children on July 30, 1818, at Thornton, near Bradford, Yorkshire. In April, 1820, the Brontà « family, consisting of Reverend Patrick Brontà «, his wife Maria, son Branwell, and daughters Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, moved to the parsonage at Haworth. Emily never knew her mother, for Mrs. Brontà « contracted internal cancer at the age of thirty-eight and died in September of 1821, when Emily was just three years old. Patrick Brontà « never remarried. In 1824, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Emily were enrolled at the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge, located less than twenty miles from Haworth. In 1825, Maria and Elizabeth fell ill from consumption and returned to Hawort h, where they soon died. Charlotte and Emily left Cowan Bridge and returned to Haworth.      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the autumn of 1825, Tabitha Aykroyd was employed as cook and housekeeper at Haworth. Her influence on the Brontà « children, particularly on Emily, was monumental. Tabby, as she was known, was a native of Haworth and brought to the children the folklore of the Yorkshire moors:       She told of fairies that danced by the bed-sides in the moonlight, and of those who had seen them. When the peat glowed red on the kitchen hearth and shadows stretched across the stone floor, Tabby made the warm air seem alive with creatures of the fern and heather. (Simpson, 27)      Ã‚  Ã‚   The imaginations of the Brontà « children, fired by Tabby's fascinating folktales, encountered the door, in 1826, to further development when the Reverend Mr. Brontà « presented twelve wooden soldiers to Branwell. The four siblings created characters and islands around these toys and developed an oral literature that would later be transformed into poetry, constituting the well-known "Gondal" saga that Emily and Anne continued long after Branwell and Charlotte lost interest. Of special note is Emily's choice of names for her special heroes: Sir Walter Scott and the Lockharts. The literary reference seems to indicate an acquaintance with literature, an idea reinforced by Charlotte's "History of the Year 1829":         We take two and see three newspapers a week.

Thos Pynchons The Crying of Lot 49 - Embattled Underground Essay

The Crying of Lot 49: Embattled Underground In May of 1966, Richard Poirier wrote an article on Thomas Pynchon's latest novel at the time, The Crying of Lot 49. Clearly a fan of Pynchon's earlier novel V, Poirier praises what he calls another sample of Pynchon's "technical virtuosity" at "apocalyptic sat[ire]," of "saturnalian inventiveness" comparable to John Barth and Joseph Heller (Poirier 1). He admires Pynchon's adept confidence with philosophical and psychological concepts &endash; "his anthropological intimacy with the off-beat" (1). Before addressing what he believes to be flaws in the author's narration (the heaviest focus of the scope of his opinions), Poirier starts with a broad survey of Pynchon's intentions with form. Poirier suggests that the various interwoven quests of the protagonist Oedipa Maas is willfully elaborate to reflect the intricacies of the mind, a wasteland of suspicion and imagination. The imagination of the novels characters "first create and is then enslaved by its own plottings, its machines" (1). Late in the novel, as connections to the Tristero cult stack up, Oedipa wanders into the dense environs of nighttime San Francisco, dizzy with her imagination (or was it?) of the underground symbol: "This night's profusion of post horns, malignant, deliberate replication . . . one by one, pinch by precision pinch, they were immobilizing her" (Pynchon 124). Like the characters in V, Oedipa Maas runs from the responsibilities of love and finds herself in a maze. Pynchon mocks these situations "de void of love" with "Byzantine complications of plot" (Poirier 1). Concerning Pynchon's characters, Poirier also notes their desperate efforts of co... ...ility to describe objects within the American scenery with a tenderness for the "very physical waste of our yearnings, . . . the anonymous scrap heap of Things wherein our lives are finally joined" (5). Pynchon has extraordinary metaphoric skill illustrating his reverence for the human endeavor to code, decode and leave messages, to communicate; his own cry at the pathetic and the haunting failure to communicate. Finally, Poirier states that the largest character throughout the Crying of Lot 49 is Pynchon himself, whose voice moves passionately "with its capacity to move from the elegy to the epic catalogue . . . like a survivor looking through the massed wreckage of this civilization" (5). Works Cited Poirier, Richard. "Embattled Underground." New York Times on the Web 1 May 1966. 22 September 2000. Pynchon, Thomas. The Crying of Lot 49. New York: Har

student :: essays research papers

The Tome is a letter written by Leo to his brother Flavian, which addresses the current scandal within the church. This controversy began with the dishonoring implications of a monk named Eutyches that sparked uproar between church officials concerning the true nature of our Lord. The question of whether the Son of God is divine or human in nature, forced church officials to decide His true essence, while attending the Council of Chalcedonian in the year 451. Providing evidence for the Council, the Tome diminishes the foundation and basis of Eutyches’s argument of â€Å"Two Natures† and offers complete support to Flavian. At the time of its composition, this document was considered an accurate portrayal of the common faith, hence establishing its immense importance to the church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Leo’s declaration of the Gospel of God and man in Christ appears to be flawless in its interpretation, the tome proves to be vaguely insufficient considering its sporadic utilization of philosophical speculation. This factor is eroded by the dominatingly persuasive and stressed voice of the piece, which is considered by theologians to be â€Å"a fine specimen of the straightforwardness and clarity of the Latin mind† (359). The Tome proves to be both influenced by and later affecting the once youthful tradition of the Roman Liturgy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The actual text is written in the form of a response to a previously received letter concerning the Eutyches’s defiance of the integrity of faith. Once considered a presbyter, or wise elder, his status is diminished by the unwavering opinion of Leo. The disgraceful new standing is based on the proposal that Eutyches is exceedingly inconsiderate and pathetically uneducated regarding his views of the church and the nature of Christ. The letter inadvertently accentuates the importance of redefining Christianity as a product of defense. Leo accomplishes this by providing evidence to counter the argument of the opposing force.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leo’s first argument results from an accusation offered by Eutyches and other heretics, which questions the incarnation of the Word of God. In the defense of Christianity, Leo retorts that it should be apparent to all believers that the obscurity of and response to this query can be resolved in the ritual of Confession, the Holy Scriptures, and most evidently in the Apostles’ Creed, which is reiterated at every mass. Eutyches’s complication with understanding the common faith expands to another topic, through which the Tome’s response results in the affirmation of the human and divine nature of Christ.

Marijuana Should Be Legal for Anyone over 21

Marijuana should be legalized for recreational purposes to anyone over 21 years of age. Marijuana has been proven to be safer than alcohol, yet marijuana is against the law. Alcohol is known to contribute to acts of violence and crime, while in most cases cannabis can reduce aggression in its users. â€Å"In last year’s cases of reported violent crime three million offenders had been drinking. Almost all cases of date rape, sexual assault, and domestic violence had some kind of connection to alcohol† (Medical Fact: Marijuana is Safer Than Alcohol, 2009). Marijuana has not been linked or has been left absent from any of those type of crime reports. Alcohol-related traffic accidents have gone down in the past 20 to 30 years; however, they still kill approximately 14,000 lives every year according to MADD. The numbers for THC-related traffic deaths are very rare because most of the deaths in these cases the driver was also under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. However, â€Å"there is evidence from a number of studies, including some laboratory simulations that give power to the idea that people under the influence of cannabis seem to be aware of their impaired motor skills, and two tend to drive below the posted speed limit. People under the influence of alcohol are more likely to unaware or defiant about their impaired state and most tend to speed or drive recklessly† (RN, How Many People Actually Die from Marijuana and Alcohol, 2010). Some of the main concerns about legalizing marijuana are if marijuana causes any type of cancer or long time health effects. â€Å"Alcohol abuse as we know can contribute too many different long-term negative health problems, mainly cirrhosis of the liver and other types of cancers. There are some doctors that state that a small quantity of alcohol, taken daily, is good for salutary health effects, alcohol is still one of the worst drugs that someone could take for pain management† (Kaufman, 2008). Marijuana has not been linked to cause any type of cancer but instead is used to treat some side effects of cancer and cancer treatment. Studies have been done to see if marijuana has any link to causing cancer. Donald Tashkin from the University of California Los Angeles is a pulmonologist that has studied marijuana and its effects for over 30 years. He stated that â€Å"New findings were against our expectation. A study was done were we hypothesized that there would be an association between marijuana and lung cancer, and with heavier use of the drug that the link would be even more positive. Instead we found that there was no association at all, we even found that THC might have some protective effects against cancer† (Tashkin, 2009). Many states have already made marijuana legal for medical use because of all its positive effects on the user. Some government officials are trying to keep marijuana illegal because they say it is a gateway drug, and will lead children to harder drugs such as methamphetamine and cocaine. However the RAND study performed by the U. S. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (which measures patterns and frequency of self-reported drug use among Americans) found that â€Å"Marijuana experimentation by adolescents does not lead to the use of harder drug’s, and that teenagers who tried hard drugs were predisposed to do so whether or not they tried marijuana. Almost anything can be called a gateway drug in today’s time. Most people can remember a popular candy know as Candy Cigarettes. â€Å"Candy Cigarettes that are exactly the way you remember them as a kid. Each pack has 10 white candy sticks with a red tip, ready to be rolled up in your T-shirt sleeve† (Oldtime Candy Company, 2010). I asked my parents about my use of Candy Cigarettes. â€Å"When you were 8 or 9 you always wanted to act cool like the older guys on our street. You would always ask for those things, and you and your best friend would stand outside playing with them. If I would have known that it would have led to you really smoking I would have never bought them† (Anderson, 2011). The statement â€Å"marijuana is a lot safer than alcohol† cannot go unchallenged and should be debated. One important subject is the risk that marijuana use (especially in young adults) can lead to some kinds of mental illness. â€Å"Studies support findings that risk of schizophrenia doubles in young abusers† (U. S. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2009). According to Joseph Califano Jr. CASA founder and chairman of Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) â€Å"If we were to make marijuana legal and taxed it, for approximately every dollar of tax revenue, there could be as much as seven dollars incurred in medical costs†. Legalizing marijuana would mean that it would be easier for the drug to get in the hands of kids. According to CASA findings â€Å"Despite reported declines in teen marijuana use in 2007, almost eleven million teens report using marijuana. Marijuana is a major substance that is being abused among teens in America. More than five times the increase in such findings for all other substance abuse. † With marijuana becoming so popular again with teens most people believe that we should keep the drug illegal. Marijuana should be legalized for recreational purposes to anyone over 21 years of age. Studies have shown that it is safer than alcohol, and is being use by a wide spread of society. Money from taxation of marijuana can be used to benefit schools, decrease the deficit, and lower prison rates and populations for minor offenders and misdemeanors. Marijuana has not been shown to cause cancer, but instead help with some of the side effects. As well as reduce aggression in its users. No Drug is good and all of them need to be regulated in some type of way. However, marijuana use is not going stop. We as a society need to control it and gain from it. Legalizing marijuana and putting laws, similar to the ones for alcohol, in effect would increase the use of marijuana amongst our society, but it would also bring in money that is in great need for our schools.

Ethics in Urban Planning Essay

What is the law on eminent domain all about? Eminent Domain is the power of the State over all the properties within its jurisdiction, both public and private. The purpose being to empower the State to appropriate property for public use – for new and road widening projects, bridges, military installations, public parks and even urban renewal (Larson, 2004). In case of private properties, how does eminent domain apply? Well, properties that the Government deems as vital for public use and welfare can be seized from private owners based on the provisions of the law on eminent domain. But the Constitution, particularly the Fifth Amendment, guaranties that â€Å"No person shall be †¦ deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation† (Hornberger, 2005). Is the law on eminent domain ethical? The answer is an absolute no. It may be legal but it does not hold any moral definition. It is still classified as large-scale theft that is backed up by legal parameters. We live based on the principles of morality that abhors theft. In fact, the customs and laws of all civilized societies prohibit any form of banditry. In the exercise of our individual freedom, we as a people have the right to use our property in ways we deemed fit – unless we infringe on the rights of other people (Tenney, 1995). In our democratic system, do we exercise our right of suffrage to make stealing legal? It sounds like people casting their votes simply because they wanted your property sequestered. Where do ethics apply then? What are the consequences? Basically, the law on eminent domain was enacted to provide a leeway for the government in the planning of its developmental projects. Projects include road improvement, probably runway extensions or perhaps public hospitals. Private lands are purchased by the government for this purpose, based on a fair market value and as guaranteed by the Constitution. This provision becomes necessary so that the government can proceed with development without the process of lengthy litigation. Lately however, the scenario has been altered with the law on eminent domain applied even on urban renewal. This is where the abuse of discretion engages a number of government officials, all in the guise of development. This scheme is morally repugnant though it does not end at that point because with the eminent domain as the carrot stick, this marginally reduces the purchase price of the property. What has government got to do with it (Tenney, 1995)? Remember that development plans rests solely on the hands of government, so a slight deviation on the zoning area reclassification would normally affect property values. Imagine if your property lies on a commercial zone and the government suddenly establishes it as part of an industrial zone, the real estate property value is likely to plummet due to rising environmental concerns. The consequence is you are likely to sell it at much reduced price. But this scheme is just the tip of the iceberg, as more devious schemes are in the offing. The most unforgiving plan of government involves the declaration of a specific area as suffering from urban blight. Blighted areas, for purposes of urban renewal, refers to areas that in the process of deterioration being a haven of uncontrolled vices (drug addicts, alcoholics and other scum of society) where the crime rate is really high or an area that is already rendered useless which may include vacant lands and air rights. Who will then determine if the property falls under the category of blighted areas? This will be up to the discretion of the government and most likely this is where abuse is glaringly documented, particularly in cases where the government is in cahoots with property developers. When this happens, government has the right to raze the property and sell it to developers with the intention of making it into an attractive urban development (Blight, 2001). In most instances areas that are declared â€Å"urban blights† normally conforms to urban redevelopment. Areas that suffer from these types of classifications are low-cost housing communities with correspondingly low revenues where homeowners who have been in domicile for years while paying regular amortization to secure rights to the property. In these instances, these homeowners are suddenly met with the prospects of relocation. With the area categorized as such, the real property value is extremely low that the proceeds of the sale are not even enough to pay for the downpayment for another unit in a new housing development site (Parlow, 2007). What about areas in commercial districts that have been subjected to the process of eminent domain? The owner may have lived or conducted business in the area for the past twenty years but the government has the temerity to invoke the provisions of eminent domain to take control of said property simply because the adjacent school needs a playground or perhaps a football field. Where do ethics come in or is this just plain common sense? If you are the owner of the property, will you be not in arms to stop the proceedings? Where is morality then? We trumpet the virtues of democracy to the outside world and yet in our own backyard we practice anarchy (Parlow, 2007). This will all redound to displacement of all families affected by the claws of eminent domain. Families will be evicted from their properties – good if there is a ready site for relocation at least people can endure the inconvenience. But in most cases no relocation areas have been secured. Families will now be subjected to the task of searching for a new place as a consequence of eviction. What about their transportation need to and from work, school for their children and perhaps the affordable medical services that were readily available in their previous area (Blight, 2001). The final consequence maybe and I hope that this will not be met by evicted homeowners or storeowners or they could be relegated as the new scum of society, being degraded to a bunch of homeless citizens that have the potential of creating troubles for the government. The government shall have increased the problems associated with the housing needs and get the ire of the population. What then has this accomplished for the government in the end? Nothing, except perhaps that it compounds the problems of the locality (Hornberger, 2005). The law really smacks moral decadence, for how can you humanly evict families from their abodes without paying them fairly. Some may have inherited the property and as an ancestral abode, no amount would suffice in return for its sentimental value in the same way that no amount could compensate for the Statue of Liberty, being the symbol of freedom that Americans deeply treasure. How can you possibly sell an heirloom – a gift from the people of France, this is no longer a question of ethics, not even morality though it borders on bad taste and greed. What are the effects? Proponents of the measure on eminent domain will always sing the sad melody of development. Be that as it may, we can never stop development from happening because it is dictated by the social status of the locality. But can we not negotiate with property owners so they can also profit from the property they have tenuously preserved and paid for? It is more of a question of fair value for their property, an issue that is often ignored. Even for this gesture alone, the government, particularly the developers will benefit from the support and approval of the property owners. Let us not bully our neighbors by invoking the right of eminent domain, because that simply will not work. Who then does not desire physical development? When it means convenience to the inhabitants, particularly interchanges, super-highways, a modern airport terminal, a dazzling sports arena, an upbeat school campus or a modern hospital. Urban development on formerly blighted areas will be a big boost to the local trade as new shopping malls, five-star hotels, office towers and condominiums will be constructed. The local labor force will benefit as well, since hundreds or maybe thousands of jobs will be made available. It will be a shot in the arm for the local economy since development will encourage a lot of investors to take a chance on the improved infrastructure facilities. The government will likewise benefit from increased revenues and create more funds to finance the needs of local inhabitants. But most of all, this would drastically alter the locality’s image and skyline for the better. With a booming economy, the government can now plan ahead. Maybe exploit some more the bonanza that the new development concurred and build additional facilities to meet the increasing population requirements. As the citizen’s quality of life improves, new facilities will be needed, housing shortage will be felt, traffic congestion is possible as more and more cars will ply the streets and entertainment will be the call of the majority. The problems associated with crime and security will quadruple, new personnel will be added, police cars and gadgets will be required by our law enforcement agencies. There will be no stopping, once the wheel of development starts to roll. Then when everything seems to have settled and everybody is accustomed to the set-up, the arms of development will try to break the already serene environment. So the government will now invoke their right of eminent domain and the result, chaos strikes once again. It will be an unending cycle. The population will simply have to bear inconvenience and unfair treatment in the name of development. It is in the outlying implementation of eminent domain that government failed because officials can be motivated only with the expected revenues from the urban renewal project to disregard their main advocacy and moral obligation to its constituents – to promote, protect, and upheld the rights of the populace. Conclusion The moral and ethical question of the law on eminent domain had been subjected to criticisms from all sectors of society. It may be an effective tool for government to spice up development, but it oftentimes falls oppressive to many property owners. Sadly, the people’s right to their property has been trampled once again with no less than the Supreme Court of the United States stamping its approval on the right of government to invoke the provisions of eminent domain. Consider this. In 1954 the Supreme Court gave a ruling in a controversial case that â€Å"effectively gave government officials unlimited power to confiscate and redistribute lands†, arguing that â€Å"the concept of public welfare is broad and inclusive. The values it represents are spiritual as well as physical, aesthetic and monetary. It is within the power of the legislature to determine that the community should be beautiful as well as healthy, spacious as well as clean, well-balanced as well as carefully patrolled† (Tenney, 1995). The comment of the High Court was indeed a chilling premonition since this gave government officials the legal right to evict anybody from their properties when necessary and at their convenience. In effect this erased the intentions of our forefathers and the framers of the Constitution the absolute right of individuals to hold on to their properties (Tenney, 1995). Just recently, in a new and daunting case of Kelo vs. City of New London, Connecticut, the High Court upheld the previous ruling of 1954. In fact after due proceedings, a notice was posted at the door of the petitioner’s home stating that the petitioner have four months to vacate the property or else power police power will be used to prosecute the order based on the power of eminent domain (Larson, 2004). Is the ruling even fair? Is it morally correct to inflict undue suffering to the respondents? And is it ethical? The answer is no. That is why all the States of the Union are putting up legislations to curb the damning influence and abuse on the power of the law on eminent domain. How it will affect the future, your guess will be as good as mine!

“A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens

â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† by Charles Dickens entails eternal themes of transformation and resurrection because nothing is permanent in the world and along with rapid run of life people are constantly changing to respond to emerging goods and evils.This eternal themes are of great value because in such a way the author shows that all people should be provided with a chance to change their lives for better, to strive for better living for themselves and their beloved people.Actually, resurrection of heroes promotes the idea of hope which never dies. Transformation and resurrection are two powerful themes which are seen throughout plot progression. Furthermore, resurrection and transformation are illustrated on both societal and personal levels. It is seen that many characters appear to be involved in themes of redemption, love, and good vs. evil. All these themes are brought together to portray the themes of transformation and resurrection.These themes can be applied to Dr. Ma nette who was taken away from his pregnant wife and unborn child. Dr. Manette was imprisoned for eighteen years and during them he experienced the worst conditions and he even forgot his real name. Dr. Manette is resurrected and his life is transformed for several times throughout the novel.In â€Å"Book the First† French government released him and bring to Monsieur Defarge to be cared. Thus, French government gave him hope for restoring his life, his past and future because Dr. Manette is suddenly â€Å"recalled to life†. (19) Nevertheless, his transformation wasn’t complete till he was reunited with his lost daughter Lucy. It was Lucy’s love that enabled Manette to resurrect spiritually and his daughter reinforced his notion of the rebirth.Then, in â€Å"The Golden Thread† the themes of resurrection and transformation are involved several times. For example, Charles Darnay was put on the trial because of treachery in England. He was considered a spy as he traveled forth and back between England and France. People were sure he had to be found guilty and, therefore, he had to be sentenced to death.However, Sydney Carton saved his live and Dr. Manette was â€Å"recalled to life† (35) for the second time. Nevertheless, then Dickens presents different perspectives on resurrection and transformation themes. For example, he illustrates resurrection with a parody. Jerry Cruncher was a body-snatcher and he considered his night activities as the honest trade. His son was also proud of father’s activities and he desired to follow him: â€Å"Oh, Father, I should so like to be a resurrection-man when I'm quite growed up!† (166)It is necessary to outline that Sydney Carton is one more character who involved the most in the themes of transformation and resurrection. Firstly he was presented as a man with lo self-esteem, though he was provided with tremendous amount of devotion, courage and self-sacrifice. It was Cart on who helped to resurrect Charles Darnay, though it was no the only time he saved human’s life.When he organized the switch, the author emphasized the inner purposes of his actions. Dickens argues that Carton has never achieved the desired outcomes in his life and now the chance is ensured. Carton realized he had to endanger his life as it was a way to redemption.Sydney understood his switch was successfully arranged and he had done a good job. When facing death Carton didn’t back away; instead he embraced it to resurrect later. Till death he was prophetic and peaceful and he even made friends with woman being unjustly sentenced to death. In the final moment before death, Carton was portrayed as a Messiah who was giving his life allowing others to enjoy theirs.Before he was beheaded, he uttered Jesus’ words: â€Å"I am the Resurrection and the life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die†. (366) In such a way the author tends to show that Carton lived till the end of the book when final resurrection took place.Summing up every theme in the book is provided with specific purpose. Eternal themes of redemption, love are included in the transformation and resurrection theme to unite the plot and to add to author’s style of writing.Works CitedDickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens The book is called A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens published by Penguin books in New York first published in 1839. The book’s 449 pages talks mostly about the years leading up to the French Revolution and climaxes in the Reign of Terror perpetrated by the Jacobins.The story is about Charles Darnay, a French Aristocrat, and Sydney Carton, an English barrister. Both fall in love with the same woman, Lucie Manette. Eventually, Sydney is executed. The chapters are almost evenly divided between events in France and Events in England.II. AnalysisThe novel as per Dickens’ conception dealt heavily with themes of ressurection, guilt, hope, shame, redemption, social injustice and patriotism.The novel was a rare example of a Dickens’ novel having a historic theme because it talked about real world events that happened France and England during the years of revolution. His book teaches us about the futility of mob violence and the violence that occurs in relation to the French revolution most especially the excesses of the Jacobins. Finally, the book teaches us about the extreme social inequality that eventually led to the revolution.III. Appraisal.I liked the book because it applied Dickens’ impressive writing skills to the field of history. The normally bland topic is given amusing form and becomes something the youth can enjoy reading about. I would recommend it to other young people as an introduction to history and the social inequalities of Europe that led to the revolutions that swept the continent.   

Free Money for Collegeâ€Paying for School With Grants

Free Money for College- Paying for School With Grants A grant is a sum of money that is gifted to someone for a specific purpose. For example, a grant might be awarded to a student so that the student can pay for tuition, books and other education-related costs. Grants are also known as awards or gift aid. Why You Need Grants Grants the best way to pay for college or business school. Unlike students loans, which can create a significant financial burden during and after school, grants do not need to be paid back. Getting Grants for School Students can receive grants from a variety of sources, including private organizations, educational institutions, professional associations, and federal and state governments.  Grants may be awarded based on a student’s financial need, ethnicity, religious affiliation, record of achievement, association or special interests. Education Grants From the Federal Government There are many different types of grants awarded by the federal government. Lets explore a few of the best grants for school. Federal Pell Grant- Federal Pell Grants are the most common grants awarded by the federal government. These grants are primarily designed for students who have not yet earned a bachelors degree. In other words, they are for undergraduate students. However, these grants might also be available to students in a  postbaccalaureate teacher certification program.  Federal Pell Grants are need-based; they are meant to help low-income students pay for school. Grant amounts vary by individual and are dependent on the cost of education and the students expected family contribution (EFC).Federal Supplemental Education Opportunity Grant- The federal government gives schools money through the FSEOG Program each year. These funds are then distributed by the school to financially-needy students. That means that FSEOG grants are campus-based aid. Not every school participates in this federal program, and the funds are usually available on a first-come, first-served based. Students who get FSEOG grants typically have a very low EFC and are usually Federal Pell Grant recipients. The amount of the award varies but usually falls somewhere between $100 and $4,000. Education Grants From the State Government Grants for school are also awarded at the state level. Each state has a different way of acquiring and distributing financial aid. Many states fund their programs with taxes and lottery earnings. State-based grants are usually designed to be spent at in-state schools, but again, rules vary by state. Some examples of state grant programs include the Pennsylvania State Grant Program, which is a need-based program that awards aid on a sliding scale based on annual income, and Cal Grants, a California-based program that awards aid to students who attend school at least half-time and falls under  income and asset ceilings. Education Grants From Other Sources Federal and state governments arent the only groups who award grants for school. Nearly all colleges and universities have some type of grant program for students who can demonstrate financial need. You should speak with your schools financial aid office to learn more about grant availability and application procedures.  You may also be able to receive merit-based grants from professional associations, corporations, and other groups who have formal and informal programs for students seeking education funds.   How to Apply for Grants The application procedure for grants varies depending on the organization. To apply for federal grants, you need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) each year you plan to attend school. Some states also award grants based on information supplied in the FAFSA form. However, application rules for each state vary. Contact your states Department of Education to learn more about application procedures.

Informative Essay Sample on Arthur Miller His Path to American Theater

Informative Essay Sample on Arthur Miller His Path to American Theater Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in Harlem, New York. The early years of Millers life did not go smoothly. Still, while having many problems with his grades, Miller was very athletic playing many sports including football, at which he excelled; he also ran track. Miller portrays this in one of his shorter works, Danger: Memory!. The two main characters in this play look back on their lives and regret much of what they did. They wonder if any good came out of their lives. Much like Miller, they do not straight out regret what they did during their lives, but do not commend themselves. Although this work displays Millers high school years very clearly without putting characters and him in the middle of regret, all of his earlier works put the characters on one side or the other (Frank 1). Miller attended Public School 29 in Harlem while he was growing up. A little later on, he moved to Harlem in the Midwood Section of New York. He then attended James Madison and Abraham Linc oln High Schools. Now that Miller is much older, he looks back on his life and regrets not trying as hard as he could in high school. Miller does not directly regret his high school years but does wish he could have tried harder. Perhaps the problem was that Miller did not know what he wanted to do with his life until after he graduated. Similarly, in Death of a Salesman, the main character, Willy Loman, has two sons who have both graduated from high school but uncertain about what to do with their lives. Miller portrays his years after high school through these two sons (Moritz 296-297). Before attending college, Miller worked for his fathers business. Shortly there after he worked in a Manhattan automobile parts warehouse and realized he wanted to do something with his life. After Miller decided what he wanted to do, he attended the University of Michigan in the Department of Drama. There he went and decided to study under Kenneth T. Rowe after reading one of his books. Millers grades from high school did not help him get to this position, but luckily he made it by his little work that he had put in. Unfortunately, Miller had to pay for a majority of his tuition because the lack of success of his fathers business. This money he earned before college was put towards his tuition. After it ran out, Miller worked for two years at the University to pay off his tuition where he washed dishes and became the night editor of the Michigan Daily. Miller also won a lot of money from substantial playwright prizes. He graduated with a bachelors degree in English (Moritz 297). He used this degree to get a job as a writer in the Federal Theater Project when he returned to New York in 1938. Although this job was a great experience for Miller, it became obsolete before any of Millers works were published. During the years of World War II, Miller wrote dramas for two programs. One of them was called Columbia Workshop and played on CBS; the other was called Cavalcade of America and was played by NBC. In the exigencies of radio writing he [Miller] learned how to handle quick shifts in time and setting and the fusing of reality and fantasy, two elements that he would carry back to his stage work. Several of the scripts he wrote suggest that from the start Miller was a moralist intent on dramatizing the redemptive power of an individuals refusal to cooperate with corruption. (Moritz 297) With these writing jobs, Miller had two part time jobs; he drove truck and was a steamfitter in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Miller escaped the draft because of and injury he got in his high school years playing football. Since Miller was not drafted, he was sent to army camps to observe and gather information for The Story of GI Joe. The producers that sent Miller only used a little of his information. Reynal published the better parts of Millers report and gave it the title Situation Normal in 1944 (Moritz 297-298). Millers only novel he wrote was published a year later by the same publishing house. However, people did not like reading Millers works as much as they liked seeing them on stage. Although Millers plays were often huge hits on Broadway, Miller did have a few works that were not great successes or a success at all, even though many of his works won him awards and much fame. Millers first play that made the stage of Broadway was The Man Who Had All the Luck. This was one of his less successful works. Playing in November of 1944, it stopped playing after four performances. After this play, Miller decided to change his type of writing to adapt of the realistic theater of that time. Millers next Broadway play brought him the New York Drama Circle Award for the 1946-1947 season after 300 performances (Moritz 297-298). Miller was brought up Jewish by his parents, Isidore and Augusta Miller. This Jewish upbringing contributed significantly to his style of writing. Miller often ties in religion with his works. Many characters will often attend church and talk about God. Isidore was a clothing manufacture and came from Austria-Hungary. His father, often-called Barnett was a public school teacher and was native born. After Miller was old enough to decide what he wanted to believe in, he broke off from Judaism. Millers mother was more the sensitive type and knew more about the culture Miller was growing up in that his father. Millers father was referred to as a gruff entrepreneur. Miller had an older brother named Kermit and a younger sister named Joan (Moritz 296). Besides being a teacher, Millers father also owned his own business. This business was not much of a success. In Death of Salesman, Willy Loman has the exact situation; he has trouble keeping his business going. Miller worked for his dad before his college years and strongly disliked the way people treated his father. This play is one of Millers favorite works because it is semiauto-biographical (Moritz 297). Miller decided to take a break after his play A View from the Bridge was released in 1955. This break lasted for nine years because of some writing problems. These problems came from some unfortunate situations in his life. In 1956, Miller and his first wife, Mary Grace Slattery, got a divorce. During the same year, Miller was charged for contempt in the court for not giving names of former left-wing associates to the House Un-American Activities Committee. Miller was later cleared of this charge. Soon after Miller was divorced, he married the actress Marilyn Monroe. During Millers marriage, he released the movie The Misfits in 1960. After five years of this marriage, the two were divorced. After their divorce in 1961, Miller married a photographer, Inge Morath, who was born in Austria. Together they wrote a book called In Russia, which described their trip through the Soviet Union. After Millers third marriage, Miller wrote the play After the Fall. This play describes a man who will not marry for a third time. Although Miller denies that he purposely related this book to his marriage, there are obvious connections. The man in this play eventually finds a way by confronting himself. Miller claims that he wanted to demonstrate the individuals part in the evil he sees and abhors. Many people do believe Miller was talking about his past. This controversy actually helped the play make its way (Moritz 298). Another example of Miller relating his works to his life is the many complications that go on in the aging salesmans life Death of a Salesman. Miller directly relates himself to the salesman Willy Loman. Willy is not the normal person in the world today, but rather an annoying, down-on-his luck man. He is not so abnormal that nobody can relate to him but rather so close to the average person that many people can relate to some of his struggles (Riley and Harte 279). Willy Loman feels that he is a failure as a father. Being the father of two selfish sons, he struggled with suicide for a long time. However, nobody knows for sure if Miller was ever struggling with suicide through his life full of problems. Through this book, Miller does a great job of relating to a salesmans life, even though he had no connection with any salesmen before writing this book. This play was an incredibly written drama. It doesnt seem as if this play was written but rather a real life story. It has so many r eal life situations and many of them are unavoidable in our lives today. Miller really turned peoples views toward the theater. This play is a drama that will never be forgotten (Atkinson 1-2). Charles Moritz says, It took Miller only six weeks to write the masterpiece that had been germinating in him so long and which some theater critics and historians regard as the great American play: Death of a Salesman, a tragedy about hollow values, personal and social (298). Death of a Salesman played in 1949 and played at the Morosco Theater where it showed 742 times. It won Miller the Pulitzer Prize and a New York Drama Critics Circle Award. This play that people are still reading five decades later was made into a movie in 1952 and again a few years later (Moritz 298). Miller also relates his problems to a story of lies through The Crucible. This play was considered to be one of Millers greatest works. It played for seven months starting in January of 1953. This play won Miller the Tony Award. There is a lot of truth but also partly false when comparing the Salem witch hunts with those of the McCarthy Communist hunts. The Crucible is repetitious but overall is well done. By watching or reading the first few chapters of The Crucible, many will understand how Miller was at the top of the list in popularity for a social dramatist. He was at the top over the whole world partly because of how he only uses liberal ideas in all of his works. Many other dramatists dealt with dangerous ideas (Riley and Harte 280). Although Miller is very liberal, he stands apart from the contemporary, liberal dramatists in the U.S. As Miller got older he started to use more symbols as he got more experience (Moritz 297). Miller has a consistency in his works; there is a thematic lack of community. A great example of this is Millers play called Incident at Vichy. This piece of work gained faith that Miller lost over his nine-year absence from the playwright world. The faith Miller gained helped him get elected to be the president of a writing club. Several months after this election in 1995, Miller turned down an invitation to the White House to attend the signing of the Arts and Humanities Act (Moritz 299). As Miller ages, he still is very critical towards the theater. He specifically puts down the theater of New York. Miller believes the prices are too high and that the theater is missing adventure. This lowered the middle class population in the New York Theater. Some people blame this on the increasing films, television and pop music. Although Miller does not believe this is the reason, he believes the word is far more important than the picture (Dusted Off, Old†¦ 2). Miller also criticizes Broadway and many other plays and playwrights. Miller calls Broadway irrelevant but enjoyable and nice (Hofler 1-2). Miller was unhappy with the way people responded to some of his works. Miller shows his frustration by quoting, I already had one child, and I couldnt see myself going on writing play after play and getting absolutely nowhere. I sat down†¦ to write a play about which nobody could say to me, as they had with all the other plays, What does this mean? or I dont understand that (Moritz 298). Not all of Millers works brought these questions. As theater, Danger: Memory! Is gray, too, resolutely resisting the efforts of a high-powered cast to inject drama. While the plays are meant to be casual, theyve been staged in the intimate Newhouse Theater. The writing is studied and ponderous. Mr. Miller seems to have begun with his themes and conceits, then worked backward to fashion (and diminish) his characters to fit the predetermined patter (Frank 1). The two plays of this boo have different settings and different stories. The plays do have a lot in common. Both plays have common tones and consist of specific, common metaphors and both have the same key prop, a phonograph record. This helps the authors message, but does not help the naturalness on the stage. Another similarity is a simple case of amnesia comes over one of the main characters in both plays. Leonora, in I Cant Remember Anything, cannot recall simple things. She questions the value of her own existence. In Clara, the father, or Mr. McMillan, cannot remember any evidence or clues to help the police officers. He slowly recalls some things to help solve the case of his murdered daughter but still cannot bring up everything (Frank 1-2). In an interview in July of 2000, Miller tells how it is hard to write political plays now because of the absence of a single cataclysmic event threatening us. Miller also commented on terrorist attacks and called them a war against humanity. He explained terrorists as people who are angry at life and desire to kill (Dusted Off, Old†¦ 1). Miller is known to speak in a precise, unhurried manner. Miller is also known to be alert, intense and watchful. Miller is a tall man and is described as angular, rangy and having an outdoor quality. He is described to put together his shyness with a great sense of himself. Miller was called a storyteller who is a simple man and has a great memory. He is commended for being concerned with people and ideas. He has a great mind with much wonder (Moritz 299).

Free Essays on Seeing The Invisible

Black Holes are mysterious objects which are located throughout the universe. They are commonly known and widely debated by theoretical astronomers as â€Å"gravitic anomalies† in which matter enters, but does not leave. They are sources of gravity that are so strong, not even light can escape its powerful pull. They have been studied by famous intellectuals such as Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein. They have been described as â€Å"worm holes† to other dimensions, as well as the â€Å"final frontier.† It is something which we can not know about, and it stirs our curiosity and makes us search even harder for answers. In recent years astronomers, astrophysicists, and a curious, if somewhat bewildered, general public have witnessed a number of exciting developments that Robert M. Wald claims â€Å"has shaped our ideas of space, time, and gravity.† Part of this â€Å"reshaping of ideas† comes through new innovations in the detection of Black Holes. The earliest means of detection, and the one responsible for locating the most black holes, has come from observing binary systems which contain one. In these systems there is a normal star in a close orbit with another body which is not seen optically. The existence of the second body is inferred from the periodic Doppler shift of the spectral lines of the visible star (Wald 111). The unseen body was cause of speculation, and evidence of its true nature was first found in 1970. Between 1970 and 1977, when satellites which could detect X-rays were first orbited, about ten X-ray sources have been identified with binary star systems (Wald 112). These orbiting satellites could detect intense energy which can only come from one place. Stellar material from a companion star, swirling toward the edge of a black hole, is compressed and superheated, causing it to radiate in intense X-ray streams, an energy that space observatories can detect and measure. The binary X-ray source which has re ceived the gr... Free Essays on Seeing The Invisible Free Essays on Seeing The Invisible Black Holes are mysterious objects which are located throughout the universe. They are commonly known and widely debated by theoretical astronomers as â€Å"gravitic anomalies† in which matter enters, but does not leave. They are sources of gravity that are so strong, not even light can escape its powerful pull. They have been studied by famous intellectuals such as Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein. They have been described as â€Å"worm holes† to other dimensions, as well as the â€Å"final frontier.† It is something which we can not know about, and it stirs our curiosity and makes us search even harder for answers. In recent years astronomers, astrophysicists, and a curious, if somewhat bewildered, general public have witnessed a number of exciting developments that Robert M. Wald claims â€Å"has shaped our ideas of space, time, and gravity.† Part of this â€Å"reshaping of ideas† comes through new innovations in the detection of Black Holes. The earliest means of detection, and the one responsible for locating the most black holes, has come from observing binary systems which contain one. In these systems there is a normal star in a close orbit with another body which is not seen optically. The existence of the second body is inferred from the periodic Doppler shift of the spectral lines of the visible star (Wald 111). The unseen body was cause of speculation, and evidence of its true nature was first found in 1970. Between 1970 and 1977, when satellites which could detect X-rays were first orbited, about ten X-ray sources have been identified with binary star systems (Wald 112). These orbiting satellites could detect intense energy which can only come from one place. Stellar material from a companion star, swirling toward the edge of a black hole, is compressed and superheated, causing it to radiate in intense X-ray streams, an energy that space observatories can detect and measure. The binary X-ray source which has re ceived the gr...

Feature article on Billy Elliot directed by Stephen Daldry.

Feature article on Billy Elliot directed by Stephen Daldry. Decisions, decisions...From Coal Dust Into a Lake of SwansA year 12 student, examines various worlds of Billy Elliot.All in all, we all have to make decisions. They are either straightforward or challenging. One of my hardest decisions was coming to Australia. As a child I remember my grandmother telling me stories. Even though I was little, I listened to them and understood them. They took me to a completely different world. It was always my childhood escape. I still remember all the stories, which still inspire me to make those choices I made meaningful.Every society has different views on whether or not children are allowed to make decisions by themselves. Billy Elliot is drifting between a variety of worlds. He lived in a world where his future was decided for him. Like his father and an older brother, he was growing up to become a coalminer, just as everyone in his hometown, Everington.Singer Britney Spears was one of the best selling ...This world is a bit mature for an 11 year old boy, but it expresses Billy responsibility. This world initiates the audience to empathise with protagonist, and I, as an audience, keep living through the struggles of his dancing world.Stephen Daldry has created an excellent film representing our elective "Into The World". The director clearly highlights different paths, decisions and choices that are available in the changing worlds. One of the most challenging decisions that Billy had to make - is to choose between ballet and his 'chosen path'. Billy chooses ballet. He sees the work that the coal miners do and he understands that its hard. In the opening scene there is a close up of trembling hands as the carefully place a record on an old-fashioned turntable. This establishing shot offers a recruiting motif of dance and music. The...

Hypothetical Case Study Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Example

Hypothetical Case Study Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Example Hypothetical Case Study Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Hypothetical Case Study Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Covering with a instance of kid sexual maltreatments such as Melissas, demands a batch of attempt. There is a enticement to react to the kid with compassion. However, to turn to the issue of sexual maltreatment, one must make something more than attention deeply. Before one can sufficiently measure or handle a sexually abused kid, it is critical to hold a solid cognition of how sexual maltreatment and how it happens, the inauspicious impacts of the maltreatment on the kid, relationship and behavioural jobs of the kid caused by the maltreatment. In this instance it is of import to study development of childhood in a normal manner, and see how it differs from development jobs seen in the kids who have undergone child maltreatment. Prior to originating a program of intervention, it is critical to hold cognition of why sexual maltreatment occurred in a peculiar scenario. Discussion Trauma appraisal should besides be done before intervention. Trauma appraisal is an attack used to grok the effects of sexual maltreatment on the kid and to look into the extent of injury. It helps one step the kid s positions of the the past and current effects of the maltreatment. However, Trauma appraisal does non seek to unclutter up jobs, but instead to cognize the impact of maltreatment on the kid, comprehend the harm, and think of the intervention needed. Assessment is a route map for intervention. Because of its insouciant format, it will assist to construct common apprehension with the kid as one collects of import information. It is critical to see the undermentioned issues while taking the appraisal, as these will hold an influence the intervention determinations: What is the connexion of the victim to the maltreater? What is the degree of stableness in the household that the kid comes from? What are the hazard factors involved, Should the kid still remain with the household or move? , what function is the tribunal playing in the instance? Finally, to come up with the applicable intervention program, the appraisal must analyze all developmental issues, measure societal countries and measure behaviour in conformity with what is at that place in normal development. Therapy based on this rating will turn to the kid s demands one at a clip. Treatment is the processs of helping the kid learn to distinguish between her healthy and destructive header ability ( Flaherty et al, 2006 ) . Choosing the manner of intervention will depend on the ends for the kid developed from the assessment study, the coordination between the aim and service being thought of, and the kid s penchant and likeliness of taking portion in and net income from the intervention that is offered. In rule, effectual intervention will cut down the badness of symptoms and protect against suspended start of emotional upsets. Osmond and co-workers, explain intervention ends as affecting: Leting safe release of the feelings, Get the better ofing negative and suicidal behaviour, Helping the kid to understand the portion of her thought that has been affected by maltreatment and besides assisting her correct those deformations, helping the kid to get the better of self-blame and hatred, Helping the kid to construct in herself sense of trust and have a hereafter that is positive. Guaranting the kid achieve a sense of position about the maltreatment and to hold the emotional infinite necessary to maintain the torment from aching her in the hereafter Intervention program Therapy of child sexual maltreatment is an luxuriant process. Emotionally, it stimulates you to stay indifferent the center of a extremely charged instance. Intellectually, it requires that you have the cognition of the impacts of maltreatment on both the kid and the household, and besides the beginnings of the job. Practically, it demands that one collaborates with assorted professionals in the attempts to make what s best for the sexually abused kid In Melissa s instance the most appropriate program of intercession would utilize is trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy. Trauma focused cognitive therapy is grounded on the theory where it is explained that traumatic events conveying out stuffs that are hard for the kid to group, kind out and put it into their prevalent strategy ( English et Al, 2004 ) . On cases when the kid may non wholly understand a traumatic event, the emotions which are normally strong that come from the traumatic event are unprocessed. When the kid tries to treat that information ; facts are either distorted to suit in the kingdom of what is already known or understood or may falsify the beliefs to associate together the unrefined stuff into their prevalent strategy. Both are bad since they lead to guilt and dishonor and besides self incrimination. To counter act this, the kid should be shown how to work on confounding emotions and hence correct maladaptive beliefs. Proof is demoing that trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful intervention for kids who are sexually abused, and besides those who have got experiences of multiple traumatic events of other signifiers. Most of the enquiries that have examined TF-CBT have been designed decently. This intervention theoretical account stands for a combination of trauma intercessions and established cognitive behavioural therapy guidelines. The Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy was brought in by groups of research workers who jointly in the recent yesteryear worked together to administrate multisite, treatment-outcome scrutinies for the sexually abused, traumatized kids. The intervention was initiated to give replies to posttraumatic emphasis upset, depressive and besides anxiousness symptoms. It was besides to cover with cardinal distorted positions on faulting oneself, security and trusting of other people. The therapy is besides utile in covering with sexual maltreatment and other traumatic cases into a wider context of kids s lives so that their individuality is non like that of a victim. Core elements of TF-CBT are ; Psycho instruction about child sexual maltreatment, here the victim is learns the effects of the injury as a whole physically, sexually, and emotionally and the common childhood neutralization to mistreat.for illustration in the instance of Melissa whereby her sense of ego may be altered. Feelingss, the invasive and besides the intrusive temperament of the sexual activity affect the kid s self-esteem negatively.The impact is both in the physical, whereby kids have a deformed sense of their organic structures, and psychologically, kid sees herself as variably different from her equals The undertaking here is let Melissa understand that it is normal to experience that manner after maltreatment but besides to do her feel whole and good about herself once more. The 2nd constituent of TF-CBT is the trauma narrative and gradual exposure technique whereby the kid explains the traumatic event in my instance Melissa. This improves bit by bit until Melissa is able to comfortably talk about the event in inside informations. This desensitizes the event and rubs off the stigma that is so normally linked with child maltreatment. The terminal end is for the Melissa to be in a place to discourse the straitening experience with no negative feelings. In that consequence she is desensitized to the event. This will be accomplished by allowing Melissa work her ain manner into the full revelation easy and methodically. At the terminal of therapy the purpose is to enable Melissa to speak comfortably about her maltreatment. The following constituent is cognitive reframing whereby Melissa should speak out the inaccurate feelings of the distressful event and she should be taught why those feelings are inaccurate for illustration ego incrimination whereby Melissa may be faulting herself for holding spoken out and hence experiencing guilty, and distorted sense of ego and low self-pride because of the sexual maltreatment, and frights and anxiousness. Melissa needs to be helped to understand intellectually and accept emotionally that she was non responsible. Her female parent s male child friend Tony sexually abused her ; she did non sexually abuse him. It was his occupation non hers to forestall the maltreatment. This is done by learning the connexion between ideas, feelings and the manner a kid behaves. Melissa will be taught how feelings and the behaviour connect and how she can command or wholly change those ideas and feelings to her advantage. The 4th constituent is the stress direction technique whereby Melissa will be taught different emphasis direction technique, such as the capacity to command her ideas. The kid will larn that she is capable of commanding her automatic physical reaction. This will assist cut down her torment. The other constituent is that of safety preparation whereby Melissa will be taught how to avoid victimization. She will larn how to cognize ruddy flags that indicate a bad state of affairs. The kid will besides be taught who to turn to if she finds herself in a slippery state of affairs. The kid will be taught to distinguish between decent and indecent touch and what to make in instance of an inappropriate touch. Parental engagement is the last constituent whereby Melissa s female parent Asher will take part in analogue or concurrence with her kid s therapy. A few parent-child articulation Sessionss are conducted in order to suit communicating in the household on issues like sexual maltreatment. Therapy of interfamilial maltreatment that ends in successful reunion of members of the household is based on the female parent s relationship with the kid. This may turn out to be a hard relationship particularly at the clip of revelation merely like when Asher. The wrongdoer in this instance Tony may hold got in uses that have separated the female parent and Melissa from one another. Melissa developed behaviours that were debatable because of the maltreatment, which damaged her relationship with the female parent. The mother-victim relationship will be enhanced by helping the Asher to develop empathy for the Melissa ; by easing their communicating ; Initial work will be done in personal therapy with the female parent, and so subsequently with both the female parent and kid. Enhancing the female parent and kid relationship is by and large an of import issue in assisting the female parent to protect her girl in future. Intervention to do the Asher as the female parent more protective can be implemented in different ways. When the female parent has a good relationship with her girl, she will be inclined to forestall the kid from any injury. Treatment to heighten the mother-child relationship and will make the chance that the kid will speak out to the female parent. Furthermore kid and the female parent relationship is to promote communicating freely specifically about the kid s safety. Mothers must besides cover with assorted issues connected to the present operation and past experiences in intervention. A common issue sing present operation is low self-esteem. Other issues to be addressed are experiences of force, dependence, and emotional jobs, in order to help the female parent in taking attention of her girl. In past injury country the common issue is holding been sexually abused themselves. Such an experience has effects in the manner a female parent s trades with her ain kid s sexual maltreatment ( De Bellis A ; Thomas, 2003 ) . The female parent may be so affected by her of her ain maltreatment and non be in a place to cover with her kid s. In such cases like the instance of Asher, her ain maltreatment has to be sorted out foremost. Her being a victim hinders her ability to spot hazardous state of affairss, and besides her picks of spouses ; hence she plays a function in her taking a spouse who goes sexual her kid. With increased rates of divorce, more kids are acquiring at greater hazard.Mothers, in their tests to happen a spouse, may unwittingly be puting their kids at hazard of sexual maltreatment from the work forces they day of the month merely like the instance of Melissa and Asher. When the female parent remarries or moves in with her spouse, harmonizing to a research done by Russell, the stepdaughters are more than eight times higher in hazard of being abused sexually by their stepfathers who stay with them than are girls who are taken attention of by their existent male parents. Harmonizing to Finkelhor ( 1986 ) , Some research workers have already started to theorize, that it could be a instance that more stepfathers are progressively going smart pedophiles In that they marry individual adult females with households as a method of acquiring near to the childrenaa‚Â ¬A? ( pg34 ) . Decision In decision the issue of child sexual maltreatment is really critical in our society today and needs to be addressed keenly.

How to Start a Book Discussion Club

How to Start a Book Discussion Club A book club is a great way to meet new friends and read good books. This step-by-step  guide will help you start a book club that can last for years. How to Start a Book Discussion Group Get together a core group - It is much easier to start a book club with two or three people who already have some connection. Ask around the office, playgroups, your church, or civic organizations. Sometimes you might find enough people to start a book club right away. Often youll at least recruit some help in completing the rest of the steps.  Set a regular meeting time - An ideal size for a book club is eight to 11 people. As you can imagine, it is often difficult to coordinate that many peoples  schedules. Go ahead and set a regular meeting time and date for your book club with your core group. For instance, meet the second Tuesday of the month at 6:30 p.m. By setting the time before advertising the book club, you avoid playing favorites when working around schedules and you are upfront about what commitment is required.Advertise your book club - The best advertising is often word of mouth. If your core group doesnt know of other people to ask, then advertise in your circles of interest (school, work, church) with fliers or announcements.   Establish ground rules - Get together with your potential book club members and set the groups ground rules. You might want everyones input. However, if you have set ideas of what you want, then set the rules with your core group and announce them at this first meeting. The ground rules should include how books are chosen, who hosts, who leads discussions and what kind of commitment is expected.Meet - Set a schedule for the first few months and start meeting. If the book club is small at first, dont worry about it. Invite people as you go. Some people will be more likely to join an already established book club because they feel less pressure than they would as a founding member.Keep meeting and inviting people - Even if your book club is an ideal size, from time to time youll have the chance to invite new people as other members move away or drop out. Hopefully, youll always have a core group, and together you can reload. Example Ground Rules for Book Clubs Hosting Duties: You may decide to rotate hosting duties. The host may select the book, lead the discussion, and provide the meal or select the restaurant or coffee shop where you meet and perhaps provide appetizers and drinks.Food and Drink: Food is not required, but it helps the discussion roll and makes the book club meetings more fun. Some book clubs meet at a different restaurant each month. Sometimes meetings are held in peoples homes. (Check out this sample book club schedule  for some suggestions). How to Choose Books Some groups vote on what books they are going to read at the beginning of the year. Others let the host for the month choose. You can also use the bestsellers lists or a national book club such as Oprahs Book Club  as a guide. No matter how your book club chooses books, you also need to decide if there will be any restrictions on the choices (ie, just fiction, paperbacks, etc.).   You may want to base choices on whether they are available at the library or have a long waiting list, and whether they are available in electronic format or audiobook format. Leading the Discussion Be prepared with discussion questions. You can search for these online for most bestsellers. Even if youre shy about leading, a few creative pointers can get the ball rolling.

Development of Multimedia Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Development of Multimedia Resources - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  the idea of the activity is to promote and polish the English language in children, focusing more on writing. According to the National Curriculum, students should be able to use wide-ranging vocabulary, structure and organize events, demonstrate the use of a coherent structure in writing, bring about variations in the text according to the situation illustrated, convert ideas into textual form. The learning resource will help the student to become better at creating imaginary worlds, understand text and use their background knowledge in relating the text with the older situation. Moreover it would encourage students to comprehend that texts having similar topics present information in various ways or may contain different information. The resources will also promote the concentration ability of the students.As the study  stresses it needs to be emphasized that these objectives are not represented individually in each activity; rather listeni ng, reading and writing are integrated in the activity.  The Powerpoint presentation is intended for students and hence needs to be colourful in order to appeal to them. The design of the template is Oriel from the themes provided by Powerpoint 2007. The font selected was Comic Sans MS since it has an informal look to it. Pictures are added to give more effect to the learning resource.  The students will be given a list of words and they are required to make funny sentences.   The words can be displayed in attractive colours and in colourful frames. The words are going to include cry, flying, floating, soap, my, goals, load, try, coat, croak, sky, toast, boots, night and dry. Children are encouraged to use rhyming words in the sentences. An example can be given to illustrate the point e.g. â€Å"I've got a cat who sits on a mat and he wears a hat† (BBC Home 2011). There are 15 words in total. They can be divided into three groups since making 15 sentences can become ted ious for the children. 2. Identifying sentences Students can be given a list of sentences and can be asked if it is a sentence or not. The slide will first explain what a sentence is: â€Å"A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own. It must have a verb and it must start with a capital letter and end in a full stop, exclamation mark or question mark† (BBC). The slide will also give an example of what a sentence should be like, highlighting the capital letter, verb and the full stop etc. E.g. He likes to study mathematics. Anne

Tourism Crisis Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism Crisis Management - Essay Example Many authors have attempted to give meaning to the word crisis or crisis management and consequently come up with synonymous terms to the crisis (e.g. Pender & Sharply, 2004; Faulkner, 2001; Prideaux et al., 2003; Pizam, 1999; Glaesser, 2003). Prominent examples, for instance, are a catastrophe, turning point, disaster, chaos, vulnerability, security. This diversity of terminologies considered, it is apparent that crisis definitional approach is a difficult undertaking. With reference to PATA (2003), a crisis is defined as â€Å"A circumstance that holds the potential to have a long-term effect, impinging on the confidence in a product or an organization, or rather a situation that may alter the ability of an organization or product in resuming normal operations.†Other authors provide vague sentiments on the term. For instance Ritchie et al. (2004: 202), who bluntly indicates that ‘a crisis is indefinite, unpredictable, unexpected and can be numerous’. On the othe r hand, some authors seem to be more diligent and particular in their semantics, Faulkner (2001: 136), for example, distinguishes both the terms crisis and disaster. He debates that a crisis refers to a circumstance ‘in which the root cause of the event is, to some degree, self-inflicted through problems such as inept management organizations and organizational culture or a failure to adapt to change’, while on the other hand, a disaster can be described as a situation ‘where an organization †¦ is encountered with abrupt unpredictable calamitous changes over which it has little or no control.’’ Main theories Many models conceptually have a basis assuming that a crisis goes through a number of consecutively occurring stages, in essence following a particular life cycle. However, in reality, crises and disasters more often than not occur suddenly, without warning and a target position can immediately enter the ‘emergency’ phase, by-pa ssing the ‘prodromal’ and ‘pre-event’ phase and require- in a rapid reaction. Indeed, the alarm caused by the dramatic imminence of such events may prompt inappropriate decision making and confusion(Pender & Sharply, 2004). Explicitly, various models propose that risk assessments should be undertaken. On the basis of the analysis of

Racial discrimination between UK and USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Racial discrimination between UK and USA - Essay Example It is unlawful for an employer to discriminate against a potential employee on the grounds of race, colour, nationality, or ethnic or national origins, which the Act calls collectively 'racial grounds'. Discrimination may be unfavourable treatment of an applicant for a job, offering less favourable terms of employment than other persons might expect or simply refusing a person's application.Discrimination may occur once a person is actually in employment, through lack of opportunities for promotion, transfer and training, refusal of benefits or facilities normally available to an employee, or unreasonable dismissal. It was not until the 1960s that race became a major public issue in British politics. It was, however over the issue of 'immigration', which became the focus of attention rather than the question of racial equality. In the eighteen months before the passage of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 over 200,000 black immigrants had arrived in Britain almost as many as in th e five years 1955 to 1960 and marginally fewer than black immigrants entering the country between July 1962 and the end of 1967. This period was marked by a sharp shift in public opinion towards immigration. In 1962, a few months before the passage of the Act, 62 per cent of the public favored controls and 23 percent favored free entry but by April 1968 the corresponding figures were 95 per cent and 1 per cent respectively. While the diversity of reasons for this shift in public opinion has been well documented 2, one constant theme has been, in the politics of race in Britain, the search by political leaders from the major parties to depoliticise this issue by papering over party differences 3. By the 1960s both major parties subscribed to the view that immigration should be controlled because immigrants placed great strain on employment and housing. It was only the Labour Party, 'albeit' with substantial ambivalence, which supported the idea of anti-discrimination legislation. By the time that Britain's first civil rights law, the Race Relations Act 1965, had been passed, for many, blacks had become synonymous with immigrants. Moreover prior to the Local Government Act of 1966 (Section 11) the general laissez-faire attitude of Central and Local Government meant that virtually nothing had been done to cater for the problems that many immigrants experienced in housing, employment and education. As Burney 4 observed, in the absence of Central Government direction and incentives, many local authorities, frequently in areas of high immigration and Labour controlled, behaved as though blacks did not exist: 'most Labour controlled councils made a habit of resolutely ignoring imm igration, to the extent of, wherever possible, ignoring immigrants'. So far as access to housing was recognised as an issue of concern in relation to ethnic minorities, a resolutely colour-blind approach was advocated whereby the real need was perceived to be to alleviate the housing shortage and to provide for those in greatest need. There should be no attempt to discriminate positively in favour of such minorities to remove the racial disadvantage, which they had experienced 5. At the time of the 1965 Race Relations Act the majority of blacks resident in the United Kingdom were immigrants and were likely to experience or to have experienced difficulties in the following areas: Problems associated with settlement and establishment. Differences in the dominant form of household structure and size being met by shortage